A savvy negotiating tactic? A wild fantasy? A greed for natural resources?

US President Donald Trump's fixation with annexing Canada is so singular as to defy any easy explanation.

"I think it's one of those things where Trump thinks it would be nice to pull it off, but he understands that it is less than a remote possibility," said Todd Belt, a political science professor at George Washington University.

"His rhetoric is mostly to take a tough and unpredictable bargaining stance."

On Tuesday, the 78-year-old Republican who in recent weeks all but launched a global trade war made his expansionist desire known, once again, on his Truth Social network.

"The only thing that makes sense is for Canada to become our cherished Fifty First State," Trump wrote, painting a bright future of lower taxes, no tariffs and security for Canadians.

- 33 percent support -

Citizens of Canada are appalled by Trump's annexation talk.

"What he wants to see is a total collapse of the Canadian economy," outgoing prime minister Justin Trudeau said last week shortly before leaving office, after Washington announced 25 percent tariffs on all products from Canada, before backtracking.

Trump's statements have fueled strong anti-US hostility north of the border, where the American anthem now gets regularly booed at sports competitions.

According to an opinion poll conducted by the Leger Institute this month, only 33 percent of Canadians have a positive opinion of the United States, compared to 52 percent in June 2024.

In the same poll, 77 percent of respondents said they have a positive view of the European Union.

In his Truth Social post Tuesday, Trump called the US-Canada border an "artificial line of separation drawn many years ago."

Addressing Canadians, he said that when the border disappears, "we will have the safest and most beautiful Nation anywhere in the World - And your brilliant anthem, 'O Canada,' will continue to play, but now representing a GREAT and POWERFUL STATE within the greatest Nation that the World has ever seen!"

Trump seems to have a fondness for cartography, as manifested by his order, issued shortly after his inauguration, that the Gulf of Mexico be renamed the Gulf of America.

He has also publicly threatened to lay claim to Greenland and said he wants to take back control of the Panama Canal.

"A lot of this territorial aggrandizement (Greenland, Panama, Canada) came after the election, and I think someone put it in his head that great presidents acquire territory as a legacy," said Belt, the political scientist.

In his speech last week, Trudeau vowed that Canada would not be annexed.

"That is never going to happen," he said. "We will never be the 51st state."

- Water ways -

According to a New York Times report, Trump used the opportunity of talks with Trudeau last month to question the validity of a 1908 treaty that established the border between the two countries.

The US president, who is known to take a keen interest in water resources, also reportedly criticized the agreements regulating access to water between the two countries.

To the east, the US-Canada border runs through the Great Lakes. Westward toward the Pacific coast, the border crosses the Columbia River, whose waters are regulated by a detailed international treaty.

A trade war between the United States and Canada, which are closely linked economically, would represent "an existential threat" to Canadians, Ian Lee, an economics professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, told AFP.

"But no matter how much we scream or yell or express our anger, it doesn't change the reality," said Lee. "We are the mouse and they are the five-ton elephant. We must develop a compromise and deal with the demands of the United States."

Canada's Prime Minister-designate Mark Carney does not share that fatalism.

"Let the Americans make no mistake: in trade, as in hockey, Canada will win," he said Sunday.

Ottawa on Wednesday announced new tariffs on certain American products, in response to what it called "unjustified and unreasonable" taxes on steel and aluminum imposed by Trump.

AFP

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau (right) vowed that Canada would not be annexed, after US President Donald Trump made his expansionist desire known. PHOTO: REUTERS

Trump's Canada fixation: an expansionist dream