Colombia, Argentina, and Afghanistan build ventilators

Engineers in Colombia have developed a mechanical ventilator for coronavirus patients that could cost as little as US$2,000 _ one of numerous crash projects around the world aimed at helping ease a global shortage of the devices.
The bedside machine is about the size of a small television, and is made up of valves and pressure sensors that regulate the amount of oxygen pumped into a patient's lungs through a plastic tube.
It's one of the latest efforts around the world to produce pared down, emergency versions of full feature ventilators, which have become more expensive as governments try to outbid each other to purchase them.
"Commercial ventilator factories around the world are struggling to keep up with orders,'' said Julian Echeverry, a mechanical engineering professor who helped to develop the emergency ventilator at Bogota's Sabana University. "For us, it was crucial to develop an in-house solution that can be deployed quickly in (local) hospitals.''
While most people infected with the new coronavirus experience only mild to moderate symptoms, such as fever and cough, some _ notably older adults and people with existing health problems _ suffer life-threatening illnesses, including pneumonia. A small percentage become so sick they cannot breathe on their own and need a ventilator. According to New York governor Andrew Cuomo ventilators are currently selling for US$50,000 each.
Growing concern over ventilator shortages has prompted engineers around the world to make emergency versions, particularly in countries that have fewer resources.
In Afghanistan, a female team of robotics experts announced last week they had created a ventilator made out of Toyota car parts that will cost US$400.
In Argentina, the National University of Rosario says it has come up with a ventilator that has fewer than 20 components, and has shared its design online.
In Colombia, at least five universities have been working separately on their own ventilators and three of them have built prototypes that are already being tested to comply with standards set by national regulators.
The ventilator produced by Sabana University has been tested successfully on a pig. It must still undergo further tests on animals and humans before it can go into production.-AP